Passover, or Pesach in Hebrew, is one of the most significant holidays in Judaism. It commemorates the biblical story of the Israelites’ escape from slavery in Egypt, as told in the Book of Exodus. Observed for over 3,000 years, this holiday is rich in history, symbolism, and rituals. In 2024, Passover begins at sundown on Monday, April 22, and continues for seven or eight days, depending on the community.
The Story Behind Passover
Passover derives its name from the final plague that God inflicted on Egypt, where the firstborn in every Egyptian household was killed. However, the Israelite homes were spared, or “passed over,” because they marked their doorposts with lamb’s blood as instructed by Moses. This act symbolized the protection provided by God, and it is central to the story of liberation from bondage.
The escape from Egypt, led by Moses, is remembered as the Exodus, a foundational narrative in Jewish tradition. It is also a powerful symbol of hope and freedom for oppressed people around the world.
Key Dates for Passover 2024
- First Night: The holiday begins at sundown on Monday, April 22, 2024.
- Last Day: Depending on whether you’re part of a seven- or eight-day observance, Passover will end at sundown on either April 29 (in Israel and some Reform communities) or April 30, 2024 (in most Jewish communities outside of Israel).
Passover Traditions and Customs
Passover is a highly ritualistic holiday, marked by several key traditions:
The Seder
The most iconic ritual of Passover is the Seder, a ceremonial meal held on the first night (and sometimes the second). The Seder includes reading from the Haggadah, a text that tells the story of the Exodus and outlines the order of the meal. The Seder plate is central to the celebration and includes symbolic foods such as:
- Matzah: Unleavened bread that recalls the hasty departure from Egypt, leaving no time for bread to rise.
- Maror: Bitter herbs representing the bitterness of slavery.
- Charoset: A mixture of fruits, nuts, and wine symbolizing the mortar the Israelites used in their forced labor.
- Karpas: A green vegetable, usually parsley, dipped in salt water to represent tears.
- Zeroa: A roasted lamb shank bone, symbolizing the Passover sacrifice.
- Beitzah: A hard-boiled egg symbolizing the cycle of life and mourning.
Matzah and Chametz
During the entire duration of Passover, Jews are commanded to abstain from eating chametz, or leavened products. This restriction symbolizes the haste with which the Israelites fled Egypt, not allowing their bread to rise. Instead, they eat matzah, unleavened bread, which becomes a central food during the holiday.
The Four Questions
During the Seder, the youngest participant asks the Four Questions—a series of questions about why this night is different from all other nights. These questions introduce the themes of the Seder, prompting discussion and storytelling.
The Afikoman
The Afikoman is a piece of matzah that is hidden during the Seder for children to find later. It adds an element of fun to the evening while also symbolizing the idea of redemption.
Significance of Passover Today
Passover is not just a holiday about ancient history. The themes of freedom, struggle, and redemption resonate across generations. Many people view the holiday as an opportunity to reflect on contemporary issues of social justice, human rights, and liberation from various forms of oppression.
In modern times, some Seders include discussions about civil rights, global inequality, and the refugee crisis, drawing parallels between the ancient Israelites’ journey to freedom and the struggles faced by marginalized communities today.
Celebrating Passover in 2024
Passover is observed in Jewish homes and synagogues around the world. Whether it’s through traditional Seders, family gatherings, or community events, the holiday brings together people in reflection and celebration. Some Jews also use the holiday to introduce new traditions, such as adding contemporary readings to the Haggadah, focusing on inclusivity, or highlighting modern liberation movements.
Conclusion
Passover 2024 is a time to remember the powerful story of the Exodus and its enduring lessons about freedom, faith, and perseverance. From the retelling of the ancient narrative to the shared meals and rituals, Passover continues to be a central part of Jewish life. As families gather around the Seder table this year, they will once again reflect on the past and draw inspiration for the future.